Sudwala Caves are set in Precambrian dolomite rock, which was first laid down about 2800 million years ago, when Africa was still part of Gondwana. The caves themselves formed about 240 million years ago. They are the oldest caves in the world. There are a number of speleothem structures in the cave, known by names such as the “Lowveld Rocket”, “Samson’s Pillar”, and the “Screaming Monster”; some have been dated to 200 million years old. There are also microbial fossils of a cyanobacterium known as collenia in the rock; these formed 2000 million years ago. The caves were used for shelter in prehistoric times, probably due in part to a constant supply of fresh air from an unknown source in the caves.
Dinosaur Park – The museum displays life-size models of pre-historic animals, ranging from amphibious reptiles, ancient reptiles, dinosaurs, pre-historic mammals, pre-historic man and more. The models were artistically and realistically sculpted by Jan van Zijl (also responsible for the black wildebeest on the old South African 2c coin). Also on display are live Nile Crocodiles, perfectly adapted to survival and not much changed from their ancient relatives.
Botanical Garden – one of the nine National Botanical Gardens of South Africa is located in Mbombela, Mpumalanga at the confluence of the Crocodile River and Nels River. A lookout point at the far end of the garden reached through a rainforest trail (surrounded by clivias, fig-trees, and baobab) allows views of the river in the deep gorge. The N4 road runs through the northern portion of the park. This garden of 160 ha was opened in 1971. 650 native and 2,000 imported plant species grow there. The largest collection of cycads in the country is found in Lowveld, as well as a gene bank for such plants. Light Lunch Included